Nutritional status and physical activity of school-aged children with distinct health habits.

Obesity and sedentarism impact health and quality of life. School is a crucial environment for promoting healthy habits. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze studies on nutritional status and physical activity of school-aged children and adolescents with different lifestyles. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, and results we presented according to PICO approach. Databases consulted were "ERIC", "Web of Science", "PubMed", "Scopus", and "Scielo". The search resulted in 14 studies. Boys and girls from Adventist (SDA) schools were lighter than those from public schools. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among them was lower in relation to the general population. The quality of the diet was better in SDA students when compared non-Adventists. Students from SDA schools were less involved in harmful habits to health. Differences in lifestyle among SDA and students from other public and private schools seem to favorably affect their nutritional status. There is no difference in the practice of physical activities, but SDA students spent less hours in sedentary activities. In conclusion, results may assist the planning of interventions aiming at the role of schools in the empowerment of children in promoting their personal health.

Swimming training attenuates the decrease of calcium responsiveness in female infarcted rats.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of swimming training on calcium responsiveness of the myocardium of rats with different infarction sizes (MI). Method: female Wistar rats, sedentary sham (SS = 14), sedentary moderate MI (SMI = 8) and sedentary large MI (SLI = 10) were compared to trained sham (TS = 16), trained moderate MI (TMI = 9) and trained large MI (TLI = 10). After 4 weeks of MI, the animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for additional 8 weeks. Papillary muscles of the left ventricle were subjected to different concentrations of extracellular calcium. Inotropism was evaluated through the developed tension (DT), the maximum positive value of the first temporal derivation (+Td/td) and the time to peak tension (TPT). Lusitropism was evaluated by the maximum negative value of the first temporal derivation (-Td/td) and time to 50% relaxation (50%TR). Statistical significance was determined using multivariate analysis of variance and a Hotelling T2 test for the absolute power values of all four extracellular calcium concentrations (p < 0.05). Results: MI depressed inotropism (from 17% to 51%) and lusitropism (from 22% to 54%) of the sedentary rats, but exercise attenuated the losses, especially regarding + dT/dt, TPT, -dT/dt and 50%TR. Exercise attenuated the decrease in myocardial responsiveness, proportionally to the size of the MI. Conclusion: Myocardial calcium responsiveness is favorably affected in animals with moderate and large MI after swimming exercise.

Physical exercise attenuates stress-induced hypertension in rats but not the impairments on the myocardial mechanics.

BACKGROUND: Acute and chronic stresses have become a health problem in the contemporary society, and prolonged exposure to stressful events are related to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise is a well-recognized effective nonpharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases and stress-induced injuries. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of exercise on the cardiac remodelling of chronically stressed rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wistar adult rats were used (n = 10 each group) and chronic stress protocol consisted of restricting movement in individual rodent restrainers (60 min, 5 days/week, 12 weeks); and exercise consisted of swimming sessions in a pool (60 min, 5 days/week, 12 weeks). During protocol, blood pressure was measured in conscious rats, and at the end cardiac morphology/function was assessed. Animals exposed to stress exhibited continuous rise in blood pressure from the sixth week, but exercise attenuated it. Similarly, restrained rats increased serum corticosterone compared with nonstressed rats, but exercise also prevented it. No changes were found in cardiac mass, but chronic stress not only impaired the steady state contractions of the cardiac muscle, but also reduced inotropic responses to stretching, increasing calcium and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Despite this, exercise was unable to prevent these functional impairments induced by stress, and instead, the association of stress and physical exercise worsened myocardial compliance. CONCLUSION: Despite the known benefits to the cardiovascular system, our results indicate that aerobic swimming exercise for 12 weeks reduced blood pressure but did not impede the chronic stress-induced myocardial damages in rats.

Estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e qualidade de vida de merendeiras / Nutritional status, food intake and quality of life of school cooks

O objetivo desse estudo foi relacionar as características sociodemográficas, o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a qualidade de vida de merendeiras Carapicuíba (SP). Estudo transversal, com aferição de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e questionários sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, qualidade de vida e consumo alimentar. A idade média foi 53,97 anos, a maioria com companheiro e pertencente à classe socioeconômica C. O Índice de Massa Corporal médio foi de 30,85 kg/m2, com 82,4% de excesso de peso e 45,5% de obesidade. A média da circunferência da cintura foi 94,5cm, indicando risco aumentado substancialmente para doença metabólica. O consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida da maioria classificou-se em "atenção", 50,0% apresentou qualidade de vida geral boa e muito boa e 45,6% regular. As merendeiras apresentam excesso de peso, consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida que requerem atenção e qualidade de vida geral variando entre regular, boa e muito boa.

To relate the sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, food intake and quality of life of school cooks in Carapicuíba, state of São Paulo. Cross-sectional study, measuring weight, height and waist circumference and questionnaires on sociodemographic aspects, quality of life and food intake. The average age was 53.97 years, most with a partner and belonging to socioeconomic class C. The average Body Mass Index was 30.85 kg/m2, with 82.4% overweight and 45.5% obesity. The average waist circumference was 94.5cm, indicating a substantially increased risk for metabolic disease. Food intake and other lifestyle habits were classified as "attention", 50.0% had good and very good overall quality of life, and 45.6% regular. School cooks have overweight, food intake and other lifestyle habits that require attention and overall quality of life ranging from regular, good and very good.

Associação entre força de preensão manual, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos da comunidade / Association between handgrip strength, body composition and nutritional status of community dwelling elderly

Introdução: são escassos os estudos a respeito das relações entre força muscular, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos. Objetivo: avaliar as relações entre força de preensão manual, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos da comunidade. Métodos: setenta e nove idosos sedentários de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do Centro de Convivência do Idoso em Embu-Guaçu/SP, participaram deste estudo transversal quantitativo. Eles foram submetidos à avaliação de força de preensão manual por dinamometria, de composição corporal por bioimpedância tetrapolar, e do estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal e pela Mini Avaliação Nutricional reduzida. Resultados: a preensão manual direta foi considerada adequada em 65,8% da amostra. A maior parte dos idosos apresentava excesso de peso (60,3%) e de adiposidade (76,9% dos homens e 85,9% das mulheres), e 53,8% dos homens apresentavam sarcopenia grau I vs. 27,7% das mulheres. Um terço da amostra (34,2%) apresentava risco de desnutrição. O valor energético médio consumido pela amostra foi significantemente mais alto entre os homens (p=0,005), que também apresentaram menor ingestão percentual de carboidratos (p=0,03), e maior ingestão de proteínas (p<0,0001) e lipídeos (p=0,01) do que as mulheres. A força de preensão manual direita esteve moderadamente associada à massa magra (r=0,54 e p<0,001) e fracamente associada ao consumo de proteínas (r=0,330 e p=0,01). Conclusão: houve associação entre força de preensão manual, massa magra e consumo de proteínas, porém não foram encontradas associações entre a força e o escore da avaliação nutricional ou o índice de massa corporal.(AU)

Introduction: studies on the relationships between muscle strength, body composition, and nutritional status of the elderly are still scarce. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between manual grip strength, body composition, and nutritional status of community-dwelling elderly. Methods: seventy-nine sedentary elderly men and women from the Center for the Elderly in Embu-Guaçu/SP participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study. Participants were submitted to handgrip strength evaluation by dynamometry, body composition by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, and nutritional status by the body mass index and reduced Mini Nutritional Assessment. Results: right-hand grip strength was considered adequate in 65.8% of the sample. Most elderly presented excessive body weight (60,3%) and adiposity (76,9% of men e 85,9% of women). 53.8% of men presented with stage I sarcopenia vs. 27.7% of women. One-third (34.2%) of the elderly presented risk of malnutrition. The mean energy consumed by the sample was significantly higher among males (p=0.005), who also presented lower percentage of carbohydrate intake (p=0.03) and higher intake of proteins (p<0.0001) and lipids (p=0.01) than women. Right-hand grip strength was moderately associated with lean mass (r=0.54 and p<0.001) and weakly associated protein consumption (r=0.330 and p=0.01). Conclusion: there was an association between handgrip strength, lean mass, and protein intake, however, no asso -ciations were found between strength and nutritional assessment scores or body mass index.(AU)

Prevalência, tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial com método diferenciado de busca ativa / Prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension with a differential method of active search

Resumo Introdução A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) atinge cerca de 30% da população adulta, sendo o maior fator de risco para lesões cardíacas e cerebrovasculares, e a terceira causa de invalidez. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de indivíduos com HAS e os níveis de conhecimento, tratamento e controle da doença, por meio de um método diferenciado de busca ativa. Método Realizou-se estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra representativa composta por 409 indivíduos adultos, na área de abrangência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde com Estratégia de Saúde da Família, na periferia da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. As visitas domiciliares compreenderam medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial (PA), além da aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados A prevalência de HAS na população foi de 42,5%. A maior parte dos indivíduos hipertensos (94%) tinha conhecimento da doença, 95% deles faziam tratamento e 48% apresentavam PA controlada. Foram identificados 45 novos casos de HAS, desses, 77% foram encontrados em horário diferenciado (domingos das 10 às 16h), representando 27% dos hipertensos. Conclusão O método diferenciado mostrou-se eficiente como estratégia de busca ativa para novos casos de HAS em locais onde ainda existe aparente subnotificação.

Abstract Background Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) affects more than 30% of the adult population and is a major risk factor for heart and cerebrovascular injuries, and the third cause of disability. Objective To determine the prevalence of individuals with hypertension and levels of awareness, treatment, and control of the disease, through a differential method of active search. Method A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with a representative sample of 409 adult individuals, in the area covered by a Basic Health Unit with Family Health Strategy, in the suburb of the southern area of São Paulo. Home visits included anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measures, and the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results The prevalence of SAH was 42,5%. Most of the hypertensive individuals (94%) were aware of the disease, 95% of them were treated and 48% had the BP under control. Forty-five new cases of hypertension were identified, of which 77% were found in the differential schedule (Sundays from 10 am to 4 pm), representing 27% of hypertensive patients. Conclusion The differential method proved to be efficient as an active search strategy for new cases of hypertension in places where there is an apparent underreporting of this disease.

Qualidade de vida de enfermeiros e sua relação com a alimentação e o cortisol / Calidad de vida de enfermeros y su relación con la alimentación y el cortisol / Quality of life of nurses and their relationship with food and cortisol

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de enfermeiros de um serviço público em Sinop-MT. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal com 33 enfermeiros. As variáveis sociodemográficas, de qualidade de vida, do consumo alimentar e antropométricas foram obtidas através de quatro questionários autoaplicáveis. O cortisol plasmático foi coletado e avaliado por laboratório privado da região. As análises foram realizadas pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e Graph Pad Prism, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Houve predomínio de enfermeiros casados, do sexo feminino e de classe econômica A ou B. O escore de alimentação correlacionou-se positiva e significantemente com o dominio psicológico e nível de cortisol. O cortisol médio foi de 11,6 ug/dle correlacionou-se positiva e significantemente com os domínios físico, ambiente e ao escore geral de qualidade de vida. O peso corporal correlacionou-se inversa e significantemente com os domínios físico, psicológico, ambiente, o escore geral de qualidade de vida e à classe socioeconômica. Os enfermeiros possuem alto nível socioeconômico e baixa prevalência de excesso de peso. A percepção da qualidade de vida geral e nos seus quatro domínios pelos enfermeiros estudados foi regular e boa. O consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida apresentaram-se razoáveis, requerendo atenção por parte destes profissionais

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de vida de los enfermeros de un servicio público en Sinop-MT. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal con 33 enfermeros. Las variables sociodemográficas, de calidad de vida, del consumo alimentario y antropométrico se obtuvieron a través de cuatro cuestionarios autoaplicables. El cortisol plasmático fue recogido y evaluado por laboratorio privado de la región. Los análisis fueron realizados por el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences y GraphPad Prism, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIÓN: Hubo predominio de enfermeros casados, del sexo femenino y de clase económica A o B. La puntuación de alimentación se correlacionó positiva y significante con el dominio psicológico y nivel de cortisol. El cortisol medio fue de 11,6 ug / dl y se correlacionó positivamente y significante con los dominios físico, ambiente y el puntaje general de calidad de vida. El peso corporal se correlacionó inversamente y significante con los dominios físico, psicológico, ambiente, el puntaje general de calidad de vida y la clase socioeconómica. Los enfermeros poseen alto nivel socioeconómico y baja prevalencia de exceso de peso. La percepción de la calidad de vida general y en sus cuatro dominios por los enfermeros estudiados fue regular y buena. El consumo alimentario y otros hábitos de vida se presentaron razonables, requiriendo atención por parte de estos profesionales

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life of nurses in a public service in Sinop-MT. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study with 33 nurses. The sociodemographic, quality of life, food consumption and anthropometric variables were obtained through four self-administered questionnaires. Plasma cortisol was collected and evaluated by a private laboratory in the region. The analyzes were performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and GraphPad Prism, with significance level of 5%. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a predominance of married nurses, female and of economic class A or B. The feeding score correlated positively and significantly with the psychological domain and level of cortisol. Mean cortisol was 11.6 ug / dl and correlated positively and significantly with the physical, environmental and overall quality of life scores. Body weight correlated inversely and significantly with the physical, psychological, environmental, general quality of life and socioeconomic class domains. Nurses have high socioeconomic level and low prevalence of overweight. The perception of general quality of life and in its four domains by the nurses studied was regular and good. Food consumption and other lifestyle habits were reasonable, requiring attention from these professionals

Lifestyle and Pain in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The disease leads to chronic musculoskeletal pain, characterized by an abnormal excitability of pain conduction pathways, and lifestyle may interfere in this pathophysiological aspect. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare perceived pain, pressure pain threshold, and lifestyle of adult and elderly women with and without knee OA. A total of 143 women were recruited and divided into 2 groups: OA (n = 68) and control (n = 75). Volunteers were evaluated for pressure pain tolerance (algometry in vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles), perceived pain (visual analogue scale) and lifestyle (FANTASTIC questionnaire). Patients with OA of the present study presented higher weight (P = .001) and body mass index (P < .001) than controls. Results also revealed less tolerance to pressure pain (P < .001) and higher pain perception (P < .001) in patients with OA. OA group scored significantly lower in lifestyle questionnaire than controls (P = .03). Patients with OA in the present study who presented lifestyle scores below median presented significantly higher values of pain perception than the ones above it (P = .03). In conclusion, patients with OA present more sensitivity to pain, more perceived pain, and worse lifestyle than healthy individuals.

Exercise Training Potentiates The Cardioprotective Effects of Stem Cells Post-infarction.

BACKGROUND: Preconditioning of cell recipients may exert a significant role in attenuating the hostility of the infarction milieu, thereby enhancing the efficacy of cell therapy. This study was conducted to examine whether exercise training potentiates the cardioprotective effects of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation following myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS: Four groups of female Fisher-344 rats were studied: Sham; non-trained rats with MI (sMI); non-trained rats with MI submitted to ADSCs transplantation (sADSC); trained rats with MI submitted to ADSCs (tADSC). Rats were trained 9 weeks prior to MI and ADSCs transplantation. Echocardiography was applied to assess cardiac function. Myocardial performance was evaluated in vitro. Protein expression analyses were carried out by immunoblotting. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was used to analyse capillary density and apoptosis was evaluated with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: Echocardiography performed 4 weeks after the infarction revealed attenuated scar size in the both sADSC and tADSC groups compared to the sMI group. However, fractional shortening was improved only in the tADSC group. In vitro myocardial performance was similar between the tADSC and Sham groups. The expression of phosphoSer473Akt1 and VEGF were found to be higher in the hearts of the tADSC group compared to both the sADSC and sMI groups. Histologic analysis demonstrated that tADSC rats had higher capillary density in the remote and border zones of the infarcted sites compared to the sMI rats. CONCLUSIONS: Preconditioning with exercise induces a pro-angiogenic milieu that may potentiate the therapeutic effects of ADSCs on cardiac remodelling following MI.

Influência da hidroginástica sobre aspectos hemodinâmicos / Influence of shallow water exercises on hemodynamic aspects

As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo, e a hipertensão arterial é a mais prevalente entre elas. A atividade física é um importante componente de um estilo de vida saudável, com evidências de que o exercício realizado em meio aquático reduz a pressão arterial (PA), embora ainda não haja consenso. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da hidroginástica sobre a PA de normotensos (CON) e hipertensos (HIP). Métodos: 84 adultos e idosos foram convidados a participar de um programa de hidroginástica, 2 vezes/semana, 50 minutos/sessão, por 16 semanas. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: HIP (n = 30) e CON (n = 54) e submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, hemodinâmica e de capacidade física. Resultados: CON e HIP não diferiram, inicialmente, quanto à antropometria, entretanto, os HIP exibiam maior proporção de internações (30% versus 5%), dores (42% versus 21%) e formigamentos (28% versus 10%) nos membros inferiores. Após o programa de hidroginástica, ambos os grupos aumentaram o VO2 máximo (CON: 12,4 para 13,0 ml/kg/min e HIP: 12,4 para 13,2 ml/kg/min), associados a significativas reduções da PA sistólica (deitados: 7,6 e 12,9 mmHg e sentados: 6,8 e 12,0 mmHg) e diastólica (deitados: 2,2 e 4,8 mmHg e sentados: 3,9 e 5,6 mmHg) de repouso. A PAS de exercício dos HIP foi reduzida em 10 mmHg e a FC de CON e HIP sofreu significativa redução de 6 e 9 bpm, respectivamente. A saturação sanguínea de oxigênio não mudou com o programa de hidroginástica. Conclusão: a hidroginástica reduziu a PA sistólica e diastólica de indivíduos HIP e aumentou a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. (AU)

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, and hypertension is the most prevalent one. Physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle, and there are evidences that aquatic exercise can reduce arterial blood pressure, although there are still some controversies in the literature. Objective: To assess the impact of shallow water exercise on arterial blood pressure of normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Methods: 84 adults and elderly individuals were invited to take part in a 16-week, twice-weekly shallow water exercise program. Participants were divided into two groups: hypertensive (HIP, n = 30) and normotensive (CON, n = 54) and underwent anthropometric, hemodynamics and physical capacity assessment. Results: CON and HIP were not different regarding anthropometry before the beginning of the program, however, HIP exhibited a higher proportion of hospitalization (30% vs 5%), pain (42% vs 21%) and tingling in the lower limbs (28% vs 10%). After the shallow water exercise program, CON (12,4 to 13,0 ml/kg/min) and HIP (12,4 to 13,2 ml/kg/min) increased maximal VO2 , and a significant reduction in systolic (lying: 7,6 and 12,9 mmHg and sitting: 6,8 and 12,0 mmHg) and diastolic (lying: 2,2 and 4,8 mmHg and sitting: 3,9 and 5,6 mmHg) blood pressure was observed. The exercise systolic blood pressure of the HIP was reduced in 10 mmHg and the heart rate in 6 bpm (CON) and 9 bpm (HIP). No alterations in peripheral oxygen saturation were observed after the intervention. Conclusion: Shallow water exercise reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure of hypertensive individuals, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness. (AU)

Estado nutricional de crianças em creches de Carapicuíba ­ SP comparado ao de seus pais / Nutritional status of parents compared to the status of their children attending day care centers in Carapicuiba ­ SP / Estado nutricional de niños asistidos en guarderías de Carapicuiba ­ SP comparado con el estado nutricional de sus padres

Os hábitos alimentares são iniciados na infância e em casa, onde os pais são os responsáveis pela alimentação da criança, antes mesmo da escola. O estudo aqui apresentado objetivou associar o estado nutricional de crianças que frequentam três creches no município de Carapicuíba, SP, com o estado nutricional, consumo alimentar, classe econômica e a escolaridade dos seus pais. Foram coletados dados antropométricos dos pais e dos filhos, além de dados sociodemográficos e do consumo alimentar. Todas as análises foram realizadas por meio do pacote estatístico SPSS 22 e pelo GraphPad Prism versão 6.0 e considerados estatisticamente diferentes os resultados quando p < 5%. Os resultados revelam alta prevalência de excesso de peso nas crianças e nos pais. O estado nutricional das crianças encontra-se associado significantemente aos hábitos de consumo alimentar dos pais. Cabe lembrar que hábitos alimentares são indicadores de proteção e risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.(AU)

Eating habits are initiated in childhood and at home, where parents are responsible for feeding the child, even before school. The present study aimed to associate the nutritional status of children attending three day care centers in the city of Carapicuiba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, with nutritional status, food consumption, economic class and schooling of their parents. Anthropometric data were collected from parents and their children, as well as sociodemographic and food consumption data. All analyzes were performed using the statistical package SPSS 22 and GraphPad Prism version 6.0 and the results were considered statistically different when p < 5%. The results reveal a high prevalence of overweight in children and parents. The nutritional status of the children is significantly associated with the eating habits of the parents. It should be remembered that dietary habits are indicators of protection and risk for chronic non-communicable diseases.

Los hábitos alimenticios se inician en la infancia y en la casa, donde los padres son los responsables de la alimentación del niño, antes incluso de la escuela. El estudio aquí presentado objetivó asociar el estado nutricional de niños que frecuentan tres guarderías en el municipio de Carapicuíba, SP, con el estado nutricional, consumo alimentario, clase económica y la escolaridad de sus padres. Se recogieron datos antropométricos de los padres y de los hijos, además de datos sociodemográficos y del consumo alimentario. Todos los análisis se realizaron a través del paquete estadístico SPSS 22 y el GraphPad Prism versión 6.0 y considerados estadísticamente diferentes los resultados cuando p < 5%. Los resultados revelan una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso en los niños y en los padres. El estado nutricional de los niños se encuentra asociado significativamente a los hábitos de consumo alimentario de los padres. Cabe recordar que los hábitos alimentarios son indicadores de protección y riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.

Qualidade de vida e avaliação antropométrica de professores de uma rede privada de ensino / Quality of life and nutritional status of teachers a private network of education

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida (QV) e parâmetros antropométricos e de docência, de professores de uma rede privada de ensino de São Paulo. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal descritivo com 107 professores, utilizando-se dois questionários autoaplicáveis, abordando aspectos sociodemográficos, variáveis da docência e de QV (World Health Organization Quality on Life Bref - WHOQOL-bref). Após o preenchimento, os sujeitos foram submetidos às medidas de peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC). Resultados: Os professores tinham idade média de 38,2 8,6 anos, 78,5% do sexo feminino, 78,5% casados, 74,8% pertencente à classe B. Todos os professores possuíam ensino superior completo, 64,5% até 10 anos de atuação, 88,8% trabalhavam mais de 20h/semana, 44,9% atuavam em dois turnos ou mais, 55,1% encontravam-se com excesso de peso, 71,1% em risco para doença metabólica e 84,1% consideravam sua QV boa ou muito boa. Nenhuma das variáveis antropométricas, de tempo de docência, de carga horária e da classe econômica, correlacionarem-se significantemente à QV. Correlações fracas, mas significantes, foram observadas entre o tempo de docência e IMC e CC (r=0,26 e r=-0,22, p<0,05). Contudo, verificou-se significante associação (p<0,05) da QV (<71pontos: 35,67,9anos vs. 71pontos: 40,09,0anos) com a idade, do IMC (<25kg/m2: 59,07,4kg vs. 25kg/m2: 80,315,0kg) com o peso e a circunferência da cintura (<25kg/m2: 80,66,9cm vs. 25kg/m2: 95,910,5cm). Conclusão: Embora a percepção da QV seja satisfatória, ela não se relacionou às variáveis antropométricas, sociodemográficas e de docência. Porém, o tempo de docência relacionou-se significantemente ao IMC e à CC.

Objective: To evaluate the association between quality of life (QL) and anthropometric and teaching parameters of teachers of a private teaching system in Sao Paulo. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 107 teachers, using two self-administered questionnaires, addressing sociodemographic aspects, teaching variables and QL (World Health Organization Quality on Life Bref - WHOQOL-bref). After filling, the subjects were submitted to measures of weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Results: Teachers had a mean age of 38.28.6 years, 78.5% female, 78.5% married, 74.8% class B. All teachers had completed tertiary education, 64.5 % up to 10 years of work, 88.8% worked more than 20 hours per week, 44.9% worked in two shifts or more, 55.1% were overweight, 71.1% were at risk for metabolic disease And 84.1% considered their QL good or very good. None of the anthropometric variables, teaching time, workload and economy class were significantly correlated with QL. Weak but significant correlations were observed between teaching time and BMI and CC (r=0.26 and r=-0.22, p<0.05). However, there was a significant (p<0.05) association of QL (<71points: 35.67.9 years vs. 71 points: 40.09.0 years) with age, BMI <25kg/m2: 59.07.4kg vs. 25kg / m2: 80.315.0kg) with waist circumference and weight (<25kg / m2: 80.66.9cm vs. 25kg / M2: 95.910.5cm). Conclusion: The overall perception of the quality of life of most teachers studied was assessed as satisfactory anthropometric characteristics point to excess weight and risk of metabolic disease.

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on oxidative stress markers of gastrocnemius muscle of diabetic rats subjected to high-intensity exercise.

This study aimed to determine whether photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in diabetic rats subjected to high-intensity exercise interferes with the expression of the oxidative stress marker in the gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were included in this study comprising 16 diabetic and eight control rats. The animals were allocated into three groups-control, diabetic fatigue, and diabetic PBMT fatigue groups. Diabetes was induced via the intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). We subsequently assessed blood lactate levels and PBMT. The animals of the diabetic fatigue group PBMT were irradiated before the beginning of the exercises, with dose of 4 J and 808 nm, were submitted to treadmill running with speed and gradual slope until exhaustion, as observed by the maximum volume of oxygen and lactate level. The animals were euthanized and muscle tissue was removed for analysis of SOD markers, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) reactive substances. CAT, SOD, and GPx activities were significantly higher in the diabetic PBMT fatigue group (p < 0.05) than in the diabetic fatigue group. Outcomes for the diabetic PBMT fatigue group were similar to those of the control group (p > 0.05), while their antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher than those of the diabetic fatigue group. PBMT mitigated the TBARS concentration (p > 0.05). PBMT may reduce oxidative stress and be an alternative method of maintaining physical fitness when subjects are unable to perform exercise. However, this finding requires further testing in clinical studies.

Swimming Training Improves Myocardial Mechanics, Prevents Fibrosis, and Alters Expression of Ca2+ Handling Proteins in Older Rats.

Exercise training effects on the contractility of aged myocardium have been investigated for more than 20 years, but the data are still unclear. This study evaluated the hypothesis that a swimming training (ST) may improve myocardial inotropism in older rats. Male Wistar rats aged 4 (young)-and 21 (old)-months-old were divided into young untrained (YNT), old untrained (ONT), and old trained (OTR; 6 weeks of ST) groups. Echocardiography and hemodynamic were employed to assess left ventricular morphology and function. Myocardial mechanics was evaluated on papillary muscles. Histological and immunoblotting were carried out to evaluate fibrosis and proteins that modulate the myocardial function and calcium handling. We found that older rats did not show cardiac dysfunction, but ONT group showed lower physical performance during a swimming test (YNT: 5 ± 2; ONT: -16 ± 0.4; OTR: 51 ± 3; Δ%, sec). Moreover, ONT group showed worse myocardial inotropism, in which it was reversed by ST (Peak developed tension: YNT: 6.2 ± 0.7; ONT: 3.9 ± 0.3; OTR: 6.9 ± 0.9; g/mm2). The ST was associated with preserved collagen content (YNT: 0.38 ± 0.05; ONT: 0.78 ± 0.12; OTR: 0.34 ± 0.09; %). Exercise partially mitigated the effects of aging on intracellular Ca2+-regulating protein (eg, L-Ca2+ channel and phospholamban) and ß-isoform of myosin. Thus, we propose that these molecular alterations together with inhibition of collagen increase contribute to improved myocardial performance in older rats.

Perfil de saúde de idosos adventistas que ultrapassaram a expectativa de vida / Health profile of adventist elders who exceeded life expectancy / Perfil de salud de ancianos adventistas que superaron la expectativa de vida

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar aspectos do perfil de saúde de idosos adventistas do sétimo dia que ultrapassaram a expectativa média de vida. O estudo realizado foi analítico observacional transversal. Participaram da pesquisa 90 idosos com média de idade de 82,9 anos. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: o mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM), questionário sócio-demográfico para conhecer o perfil social; mini-avaliação nutricional (MAN), e a Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas (FES). As atividades básicas da vida diária (AVDB) foram avaliadas pela escala funcional de Katz e a Escala de Lawton e Brody de atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD). A maioria dos idosos entrevistados era de brancos, casados, com 7,3 anos de estudos, aposentados, filhos de pais longevos e do sexo masculino. A doença mais prevalente foi a hipertensão arterial. A carga de doenças foi de 3,2 doenças. A pontuação na Escala de Katz foi de 6,3±0,8 pontos, na Escala de Lawton e Brody de 25,1±3,8, na Escala FES foi de 24,7±10,4 e na MAN de 11,7±1,3 pontos. Não houve diferença ao serem comparados homens em relação a mulheres. Ao serem feitas as correlações entre as variáveis estudadas, houve muitas correlações significantes, porém fracas. Apenas 4 correlações foram consideradas moderadas. Correlação positiva entre AIVD e MEEM, entre AIVD e MAN, Correlação inversa entre AIVD e FES e AIVD e ABVD.

The objective of this study was to study the health profile of Seventh-day Adventist elderly who exceeded the average life expectancy. The study was transversal observational analytical. A total of 90 elderly people with an average age of 82.9 years participated in the study. The data collection consisted of the application of the following evaluation instruments: The mini mental state examination (MEEM), socio-demographic questionnaire to know the social profile; mini nutritional assessment (MAN), International Falls Efficiency Scale (FES). The basic activities of daily living (BADL) were assessed by the Katz functional scale and the Lawton and Brody Scale of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The majority of the elderly interviewed were white, married, with 7.3 years of education, retired, children of long-lived and male parents. The most prevalent disease was hypertension. The burden of disease was 3.2 diseases. The Katz Scale score was 6.3 ± 0.8 points, in the Lawton and Brody Scale of 25.1 ± 3.8, in the FES Scale was 24.7 ± 10.4 and in the MAN score of 11, 7 ± 1.3 points. There was no difference when men from women were compared. When the correlations between the studied variables were made, there were many significant but weak correlations. Only 4 correlations were considered moderate. Positive correlation between IADL and MEEM, between IADL and MAN, inverse correlation between IADL and FES and IADL and BADL.

El objetivo de este estudio fue aspectos del perfil de salud de los ancianos adventistas del séptimo día que sobrepasaron la expectativa media de vida. El estudio realizado fue analítico observacional transversal. Participaron de la encuesta 90 ancianos con promedio de edad de 82,9 años. La recolección de datos consistió en la aplicación de los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: El mini examen del estado mental (MEEM), cuestionario socio demográfico para conocer el perfil social; minima evaluación nutricional (MAN), Escala Internacional de Eficacia de Caídas (FES). Las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (AVDB) fueron evaluadas por la escala funcional de Katz y la Escala de Lawton y Brody de actividades instrumentales de vida diaria (AIVD). La mayoría de los ancianos entrevistados eran blancos, casados, con 7,3 años de estudios, jubilados, hijos de padres longevos y del sexo masculino. La enfermedad más prevalente fue la hipertensión arterial. La carga de las enfermedades fue de 3,2 enfermedades. La puntuación en la escala de Katz fue de 6,3 ± 0,8 puntos, en la escala de Lawton y Brody de 25,1 ± 3,8, en la escala FES fue de 24,7 ± 10,4 y en la MAN de 11, 7 ± 1,3 puntos. No hubo diferencia al ser comparados hombres de mujeres. Al hacer las correlaciones entre las variables estudiadas, hubo muchas correlaciones significantes, pero débiles. Sólo 4 correlaciones se consideraron moderadas. Correlación positiva entre AIVD y MEEM, entre AIVD y MAN, Correlación inversa entre AIVD y FES y AIVD y ABVD.

Relação entre a qualidade de vida e o consumo alimentar de professores de rede privada / Relación entre calidad de vida y consumo de alimentos de profesores de la red privada / Relationship between the quality of life and food consumption of teachers from private network

Objetivo: relacionar a qualidade de vida e o consumo alimentar de professores de rede privada. Métodos: Estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade de vida, o consumo alimentar e a classe econômica. Resultados: Em relação à qualidade de vida dos 107 professores, 64,5% foram classificados como boa e 19,6% como muito boa, 70,1% pertencem à classe C e 64,5% mostraram consumo alimentar satisfatório. Os escores de alimentação correlacionaram-se significantemente com os domínios da qualidade de vida, físico, psicológico, social e ambiental, e com a qualidade de vida geral. Quanto maior o escore de alimentação nos quartis, melhor os domínios físico, psicológico e ambiental. Conclusão: Quanto maior o escore de alimentação, melhor a qualidade de vida dos professores. Assim, a alimentação saudável pode contribuir com a promoção da saúde, refletindo em melhor qualidade de vida.

Objective: to relate the quality of life (QOL) and food consumption (FC) of teachers from private network. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated QOL, FC and economic classes. Results: Regarding the QOL of 107 teachers, 64.5% were classified as good and 19.6% very good, 70.1% belongs to the class C and 64,5% showed FC satisfactory. The scores of feed were significantly correlated with the QOL, physical, psychological, social and environmental domains, and with overall QOL. The higher the scores of feed, the best quartiles of physical, psychological and environmental domains. Conclusion: The higher scores of feed, the better QOL of teachers. Thus, a healthy diet can contribute to health promotion reflecting better QOL.

Objetivo: relacionar la calidad de vida (CV) y el consumo de alimentos (CA) de la red privada de los maestros. Métodos: Estudio transversal que evaluó la CV, CA y clase económica. Resultados: En cuanto a la CV de 107 profesores, el 64,5% se clasificaron como buena y El 19,6% muy buena, el 70,1% pertenece a la clase C y 64,5% mostró CA satisfactoria. Las puntuaciones de la alimentación (PA) se correlacionaron significativamente con los ámbitos de la CV, físico, psicológico, social y ambiental, con la calidad de vida en general. Cuanto mayor sea La PA la mejor cuartiles los dominios físicos, psicológicos y ambientales. Conclusión: Cuanto mayores sean las PA de los maestros, mejor la CV. Por lo tanto, una dieta saludable puede contribuir a la promoción de La salud refleja una mejor calidad de vida.

The influence of physical fitness on pressure pain threshold of elderly women.

Several factors may influence pressure pain threshold (PPT), including physical fitness. However, only a few authors have studied this relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between muscle strength, functional capacity (ability to perform physical work and activities of daily living) and PPT in elderly women. This observational cross-sectional study involved 75 healthy women aged between 60 and 75 years. Volunteers underwent an evaluation consisting of anthropometry, functional capacity, muscle strength and PPT assessment by algometry in the following muscles: biceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and gluteus maximus. Mean age of the 75 volunteers was 66.8 ± 4.6 years old. No significant correlations were found between handgrip or elbow flexion strength and PPT in the upper limb muscles evaluated. The same was observed regarding functional capacity, lower limbs strength and PPT in lower limb muscles. Functional capacity and muscle strength did not correlate with PPT in healthy elderly women.

Mulheres na atenção primária à saúde: exercício físico, estilo de vida e fatores de risco cardiovascular / Women in primary health care: physical exercise, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors / Mujeres en la atención primaria de salud: ejercicio corporal, estilo devida y factores de riesgo cardiovascular

As doenças do estilo de vida estão relacionadas a hábitos inadequados. Programas de exercícios físicos podem reduzir o risco de tê-las. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de dois programas produziriam em diversos parâmetros de saúde de mulheres atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, 54 delas, de 40 a 80 anos deidade, foram dispostas em dois grupos: G1 (n=26) para realizar o programa padrão (caminhada) e G2 (n=28)para exercitar o programa alternativo (calistenia + caminhada). As sessões de 50 minutos ocorreram quatro vezes/semana, durante 16 semanas. As participantes de G1 e G2 exibiram redução (p<0,05) do peso, do índice de massa corporal, do percentual de gordura e da pressão arterial, além de aumento da velocidade e do consumo de oxigênio. G1 apresentou redução da pressão arterial diastólica, aumento da capacidade vital forçada e redução do colesterol. G2 exibiu redução do colesterol total, triglicerídeos e VLDL. Concluiu se que, apesar dos resultados do programa do G2 terem sido superiores, os dois programas ocasionaram resultados positivos semelhantes. Entretanto, não reduziram risco cardiovascular.(AU)

Lifestyle disorders are related to inappropriate habits. Exercise programs can reduce the risk of to be affected by them. To evaluate and compare the effects of two programs on some of the parameters that determine the health of women attended at a Unidade Básica de Saúde (community health center), 54 women aged from 40 to 80 were grouped together into two groups: G1 (n = 26) to exercise the standard program (walking) and G2 (n = 28) to do the exercises of an alternative program (calisthenics + walking). The sessions for sixty minutes occurred four times a week for 16 weeks. The G1 and G2 participants exhibited loses (p <0.05) weight, reduced their body mass index, body fat percentage and blood pressure, as well as higher speed and higher oxygen consumption. G1 exhibited reduced diastolic blood pressure, increased forced vital capacity, and reduced cholesterol. G2 showed reduction of the total cholesterol level, the triglycerides levels and the VLDL. Our conclusion is that the programs showed similar positive results, in spite of superiority of the results presented by G2. However, they did not reduce cardiovascular risk.

Las enfermedades del estilo de vida están relacionadas con costumbres inadecuados. Programas de ejercicios pueden reducir el riesgo de estas enfermedades. Con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de dos programas sobre parámetros relacionados a la salud de mujeres atendidas en una Unidade Básica de Saúde (Unidad Básica de Salud), 54 de esas mujeres, de 40 a 80 años, fueron agrupadas en dos grupos: G1 (n=26) para ejercitar el programa estándar (caminata) y G2 (n=28) el programa alternativo (calistenia +caminata). Las sesiones de 60 minutos ocurrieron cuatro veces/semana, durante 16 semanas. Las mujeres participantes de G1 y G2 mostraron reducción (p<0,05) del peso, del índice de masa corporal, el porcentaje de grasa y de la presión arterial, además de aumento de la velocidad y consumo de oxígeno. G1 mostró reducción de la presión de la diástole, aumento de la capacidad vital forzada y reducción del colesterol. G2 mostró reducción del colesterol total, de los triglicéridos y del VLDL. Las conclusiones extraídas son quelos programas mostraron resultados positivos similares, aunque los resultados superiores del G2, pero no redujeron el riesgo cardiovascular.

Aerobic and resistance exercise in systemic sclerosis: State of the art.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience reduced exercise capacity and muscle strength compared with healthy subjects. There are also indications of reduced levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To present the current knowledge of physical exercise in SSc. RESULTS: Most studies presently available [three case studies, one single subject experimental design, one study comparing patients with healthy controls, one quasi experimental design (pre-post), two clinical trials and two random controlled trials] have included small samples of patients, mostly composed of patients with and without pulmonary involvement. It seems that patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement are able to perform and benefit from aerobic exercises of at least moderate intensity. Exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, walking distance, muscle strength and muscle function as well as health-related quality of life (HRQL) have been found to be improved after participation in programmes including aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercises. Improvements seem to be only partially retained at follow up. Patients with pulmonary involvement may also experience improved muscle strength, physical and aerobic capacity, as well as HRQL following exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be as physically active as the general population. Patients with mild pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be physically active by engaging in exercises of moderate intensity and to participate in moderate-load resistance exercises. Health professionals should inform patients with SSc about the importance of physical activity and avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle.

Efeito do Treinamento Resistido na Contratilidade Miocárdica In Vitro após a Privação de Sono / Effect Of Resistance Training On Myocardial Contractility In Vitro After Sleep Deprivation

Fundamento: O treinamento resistido promove benefícios à saúde cardiovascular, a qual é influenciada pela privação de sono. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito prévio do treinamento resistido de alta intensidade sobre a contratilidade miocárdica de ratos privados de sono paradoxal. Métodos: Quarenta ratos machos Wistar foram distribuídos nos grupos controle (CTRL), treinamento resistido (TRES), privação de sono paradoxal por 96 horas (PSP96) e treinamento resistido seguido de privação de sono paradoxal por 96 horas (TRES/PSP96). O treinamento resistido foi de alta intensidade, por 8 semanas, 5x/semana. Vinte e quatro horas após a última sessão de treinamento, os grupos PSP96 e TRES/PSP96 foram submetidos ao protocolo de privação de sono paradoxal e em seguida foi realizado o estudo in vitro da mecânica contrátil do músculo papilar isolado. Resultados: Em comparação ao CTRL, os grupos PSP96 e TRES/PSP96 apresentaram menor comprimento do músculo papilar e aumento da área de secção transversa. Associado a essas alterações, verificou-se a diminuição das derivadas temporais da força na contração e relaxamento em todas as condições avaliadas. Somente o grupo PSP96 apresentou redução da tensão de repouso e lentidão no tempo de relaxamento, sendo este último atenuado pelo treinamento resistido prévio. Conclusão: O treinamento resistido prévio à PSP foi parcialmente protetor contra as alterações contráteis do músculo papilar, minimizando a lentidão no tempo de relaxamento. Assim, o caráter de alta intensidade do protocolo adotado parece não proteger plenamente o tecido cardíaco frente a PSP

Background: Resistance training promotes cardiovascular health benefits that may affected by sleep deprivation. Objective: To evaluate the effect of high-intensity resistance training on myocardial contractility in rats subsequently subjected to paradoxical sleep deprivation. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were distributed into control group (CTRL), resistance training (REST), 96-hour paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD96) and resistance training followed by 96-hour paradoxical sleep deprivation (REST/PSD96). The animals underwent highintensity resistance training for 8 weeks, 5x/week. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the PSD96 and REST/PSD96 groups were submitted to paradoxical sleep deprivation, which was followed by the in vitro study of isolated papillary muscle contractile mechanics. Results: In comparison with the CTRL group, a lower papillary muscle length and increased cross sectional area were found in PSD96 and RETS/PSD96, which were associated with decreased temporal parameters of contraction force and relaxation. Decreased resting tension and slowing of relaxation time were found in the PSD96 group only. This effect was attenuated by previous resistance training. Conclusion: Resistance training partially prevented contractile changes induced by PSD, minimizing the slowing in relaxation time. Thus, high-intensity exercise seems to not fully protect the cardiac tissue from PSD-induced effects